Issues and challenges: cloud computing e-Government in developing countries

Cloud computing has become essential for IT resources that can be delivered as a service over the Internet. Many e-government services that are used worldwide provide communities with relatively complex applications and services. Governments are still facing many challenges in their implementation of e-government services in general, including Saudi Arabia, such as poor IT infrastructure, lack of finance, and insufficient data security. This research paper investigates the challenges of e-government cloud service models in developing countries. This paper finds that governments in developing countries are influenced by how the top management deals with the attention to the adoption of cloud computing. Further, organisational readiness levels of technologies, such as IT infrastructure, internet availability and social trust of the adoption of new technology as cloud computing, still present limitations for e-government cloud services adoption. Based on the findings of the critical review, this paper identifies the issues and challenges affecting the adoption of cloud computing in e- government such as IT infrastructure, internet availability, and trust adopted new technologies thereby highlighting benefits of cloud computing-based e-government services. Furthermore, we propose recommendations for developing IT systems focused on trust when adopting cloud computing in e-government services (CCEGov)

FIRM-LEVEL FORCES UNDERLYING CONCENTRATION IN AGRICULTURE

Agribusiness,

IMPACT OF THE APF-BUSINESS RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS ON ONTARIO AGRICULTURE

Risk and Uncertainty,

CANADIAN DAIRY EXPORT SUBSIDIES AND THE WTO APPELLATE DECISION: DAIRY MARKET EXPANSION IN LIMBO

The dairy industry in Canada was turned on its ear by the release of the WTO decision last fall that Canada's Special Milk Classes constitute an export subsidy. Dairy processors fear the loss of established export markets. At the same time, the decision threatens the role of supply management authorities as the sole marketers of farmers' milk. Will farmers market milk for export directly to processors? What consequences could renewed marketing board involvement in exports have in the international trade arena? The industry is preparing for conflict as it reorients itself in the international market. That conflict is embedded in proposals made by some of the milk marketing agencies and by some processor members of the National Dairy Council(NDCC). Because of the immediate importance of this case and the issues it spawns, the George Morris Centre is releasing this special report. It addresses the following topics: - The nature of the challenges to the Special Milk Classes scheme - The WTO decision Implications for the dairy industry - Marketing boards' proposal for export pricing reform - NDCC proposal for export pricing reform - Evaluation of the alternativesInternational Relations/Trade,

THE ONGOING BSE CRISIS: PERSPECTIVE ON THE SCIENCE, THE LOGIC OF REGULATION, AND FOOD SAFETY

Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

CAIS Program Structure and Performance: Evidence from Ontario

The Canadian Agricultural Income Stabilization (CAIS) program was approved in late 2003. It now serves as Canada’s sole farm safety net program, having replaced the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA), Canadian Farm Income Program (CFIP), and provincial companion programs. However, the mechanisms of operation and actual performance of CAIS in providing stability to farm incomes are relatively unknown. In particular, to develop expectations of future farm costs and returns and to determine their support for CAIS as the sole safety net under the federal-provincial Agricultural Policy Framework (APF), farmers and their representatives need a concrete understanding of how CAIS can be expected to work relative to its predecessors.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Firm-level Forces Underlying Concentration in Agriculture

Although industry concentration in agriculture has a long history, the analysis of concentration and normative recommendations on it are a source of ongoing controversy in agricultural economics. The received approaches to the study of industry concentration are based on the structure-conduct-performance model or on the “new†empirical industrial organization literature which explicitly models competitive behaviour. However, each of these approaches wants for analysis of the specific firm-level decision processes that produce its predicted outcome. An alternative approach is to analyze the internal motivations for vertical and horizontal integration that exist within firms and that ultimately result in market concentration. From this perspective, market concentration results from more than simply competition among firms for economic rents.Environmental Economics and Policy,

Dynamic Geospatial Spectrum Modelling: Taxonomy, Options and Consequences

Much of the research in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) has focused on opportunistic access in the temporal domain. While this has been quite useful in establishing the technical feasibility of DSA systems, it has missed large sections of the overall DSA problem space. In this paper, we argue that the spatio-temporal operating context of specific environments matters to the selection of the appropriate technology for learning context information. We identify twelve potential operating environments and compare four context awareness approaches (on-board sensing, databases, sensor networks, and cooperative sharing) for these environments. Since our point of view is overall system cost and efficiency, this analysis has utility for those regulators whose objectives are reducing system costs and enhancing system efficiency. We conclude that regulators should pay attention to the operating environment of DSA systems when determining which approaches to context learning to encourage